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The Standing Committee on Structural Safety evolved as a result of a CIRIA Study Committee on Structural Safety in 1971 which recommended that "the establishment of a professional committee on a permanent basis to keep under review questions of structural safety and make such recommendations for action as seem desirable".
Topics for consideration by SCOSS arise from many sources, but in future it is intended that the outputs from CROSS will be a significant component. SCOSS seeks information on matters related to the people, process and products connected with structural engineering. It identifies where risks are thought likely to be unacceptable and then seeks changes of practice which will maintain safety. Feedback is essential and has in the past been received through the day-to-day interaction of SCOSS members with the professions, industry and government. Almost two hundred topics have been closely studied. Many of these are, by their nature, fundamental and ongoing and of a general nature. Others are relatively detailed and result from incidents reported to SCOSS as potential problems.
It might be thought that the existence of SCOSS was sufficient. Whilst a process is in place allowing issues to be flagged confidentially to SCOSS, submissions to SCOSS are made by a limited number of people. This has worked well, but there are drawbacks. Firstly it can be difficult to establish the extent of a problem – a problem may be widespread but only identified by a few people. This can be limiting in terms of persuading others to attach sufficient priority to addressing it. Secondly, in our industry there are many issues which do not grab a headline in the way that past structural failures have. They are not always technical – requiring design rules to revisited – but are often procedural.
Learning from the past is an essential component of development, for indeed without memory, and the ability to pass this on, failures are repeated. The same mistakes are made and the same accidents occur, at 20 year intervals. The ‘habit of retentiveness’ was quoted by recently by the incoming President of the Institution of Civil Engineers Gordon Masterton as one of the necessities for progress.
CROSS is aimed at engineers and others working in construction who, by contributing their experiences, will help to improve structural safety. SCOSS will, as a result of analyzing the data received, use its influence with Industry, Institutions, and Government to effect changes where this is seen to bring sustainable benefit to our industry.
Alastair Soane
Grandstands
A cantilever football stand vibrating when fans jumped in a synchronised manner and modifications were carried out to raise the natural frequency of the structure.
Potential overload on buildings
A crowd in a city centre greeting a successful sporting team gained access to the roofs of buildings and were densely packed around perimeters overlooking the streets.
Steel fabrication - quality control
Is self-certification by a steelwork fabricator acceptable.
Large aluminium dome failure
A structure composed of aluminium tubes failed. The causes of the failure were complex but in part at least due to brittle behaviour of the aluminium at the joints exacerbated by methods used in the fabrication process.
Cladding fixed to stainless steel
Cladding panels fixed to a stainless steel supporting angle with stainless steel screws failed.
Items falling from buildings and structures
There are examples of incidents where items had fallen off structures, sometimes causing injuries. All appendages need robust attachment and security and there must be a thorough ‘loose item’ check before any such facility is opened.
Roof overloading
A flat roof with parapets and internal downpipes collapsed after drainage outlets became blocked.
Computer aided design
The steel design element of a software package does not automatically allow for nominal moments in the design of columns for simple structures.
Stud framing with self-tapping screws
Metal stud framing fastened with self-tapping screws gave problems.
Masonry walls
There were reports of the collapse of several old masonry walls associated with adjacent construction work.
Latent shear stud defects
Shear studs appeared to be satisfactory when checked with the standard pull-over to 5 degrees but when hit with a hammer they snapped off.
Timber connections, lateral loading and torsion
Concern was expressed about the standard of structural design submissions presented to local authorities. Three issues were highlighted: timber members and their connections, the design of masonry under lateral loading, and torsional restraint on steel beams.
Local Authority resources to check structural calculations
An aspect of local authority work that caused concern to a reporter was the lack of internal resources to check calculations.
Deep excavation
On a construction site by a busy main road a reporter saw a deep excavation with no internal temporary works following demolition, and no protection against vehicles falling into the hole.
Design of timber structures
On the subject of timber, an Engineer was reported to have applied an approximate design to an ‘A’ frame hall roof.
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